像伊隆·马斯克一样用第一性原理思考
第一性原理是一种思维方式，它指的是从最基本、不可再简化的事实或真理出发，通过推理和逻辑，得出结论并解决问题的方法，它也是学习清晰思考艺术的最佳方法之一。多年来，许多成功人士都运用了第一性原理推理，例如约翰·博伊德（军事战略家）、约翰内斯·古腾堡（发明家）和亚里士多德（古代哲学家）。
然而，没有人比伊隆·马斯克更好地展示了第一性原理思维在现代世界中的优势，今天我们就好好聊聊第一性原理。
01
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什么是第一性原理思维？
第一原理是无法进一步推导的基本逻辑结论。古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾将第一原理定义为认识事物的基础，成为科学家长期以来信奉的思维方式。研究表明，科学家会尽力消除研究中的偏见，他们会自问：① 已经证实了什么？ ② 我们确定的基础是什么？
第一性原理思维促使人们深入探究事物的本质与真相，法国哲学家笛卡尔将这种方法与笛卡尔怀疑论结合，系统地质疑一切，直到只剩下无可争议的真理。
在现代社会，我们不必深入到原子层面去理解每个问题，只需要比一般人更深入一两个层次，就可以找到不同的解决方案。
著名军事战略家约翰·博伊德设计了一个实验，帮助人们在日常生活中运用第一性原理思维：假设你有两样物品——一辆军用坦克和一辆自行车，可以将它们分解为组成部分：①军用坦克：钢装甲板、金属履带、枪支；②自行车：车轮、车座、齿轮、车把
通过分解这些组成部分，你可以重新组合，创造出与众不同的东西，这就是“第一性原理” 原则的应用，先将问题解构到核心，再用更好的方式重构，简单来说，解构是为了实现优化的重构。
第一性原理思维的例子：伊隆·马斯克和 SpaceX
马斯克的思维方式与常人截然不同，他首先明确自己想要实现的目标——比如制造火箭。接着，他深入探究问题的第一原理。火箭价格高昂，这是他在实现将人类送上火星的愿景时遇到的挑战之一。没有足够资金购买火箭，他便问自己：“火箭是由什么材料组成的？”他发现答案是碳纤维、铜、航空级铝合金和钛。随后，他进一步思考：“这些材料在市场上的成本是多少？”他得知，这些材料的成本仅占火箭总价的2%。那么，为什么火箭如此昂贵？通过学习火箭科学，马斯克发现，问题在于现有的生产方式未运用第一原理思维。因此，他创建了SpaceX，探索能否从头开始制造火箭，以大幅降低成本。在接受媒体采访时，他总结了自己的做法：“我认为从第一原理进行推理比通过类比进行推理更重要，第一原理是一种看待世界的物理学方式，你将事物归结为最基本的真理，然后从那里进行推理。”
02
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第一性原理思维的力量
大多数人通过传统思维来理解情况并解决复杂问题，依赖直觉和类比。尽管我们渴望快速有效地解决问题，但事实上我们了解的并不多，依靠直觉反而让问题更难以理解和解决。
此外，类比永远无法替代真正的理解，虽然类比推理看似简单，但使用第一性原理思维可以帮助你找到更优的解决方案。
第一性原理推理能够让你突破传统和历史的局限，发现新的可能性，当你理解了问题的基本原理时，解决方案自然就会浮现。
第一性原理思维在以下情况下尤为有用：① 面对复杂问题；② 第一次尝试某件事；③ 努力理解一个复杂现象；在这些场合，避免假设或让他人为你设定框架，可以帮助你更深入地思考并提出更好的解决方案。
许多人认为创造力是少数人天生具备的能力，但研究表明，事实并非如此。每个人都拥有创造力，只是忙碌的父母和老师可能在我们成长过程中削弱了这一特质。随着成年，我们习惯于传统思维方式，因为它比第一性原理思维更简单直接，然而，一旦你开始运用第一性原理思维，就会发现无限的可能性。
03
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如何掌握第一性原理思维
第一性原理思维能够帮助你建立独特的世界观，并用其他人无法理解的方式解决复杂问题。以下是伊隆·马斯克建议的3个简单步骤，助你掌握这种思维方式：
1.确定假设
我们常常在生活中不自觉地做出假设，比如：
“我需要昂贵的设备来提高生产力。”
“我没有时间处理复杂的项目。”
下次遇到复杂问题时，把所有相关假设都写下来，你会发现这个过程非常有趣，也能让你更清晰地意识到自己思维中的限制。
2. 分解问题
第一性原理是事物最基本的真理，要发现这些真理，你需要问自己一些深刻的问题。
马斯克在接受采访时给出了一个经典例子：有人可能会说：“电池组很贵，历史上每千瓦时的成本是600美元，而且未来也不会大幅下降。”
但是根据第一性原理思维，马斯克会问：“电池的材料成分是什么？这些材料在市场上的价格是多少？” 电池由钴、镍、铝、碳、聚合物分离器和一个密封罐组成。
接着再深入分析：“如果我们从伦敦金属交易所购买这些材料，每千瓦时的成本是多少？”答案大约是80美元。
结论？只需找到创新的方法，将这些材料组合成电池单元，就可以制造出比任何人想象中更便宜的电池。
因此，你不需要遵循传统的思维方式来实现目标，而是要通过不同的角度去思考问题。
3. 创建新的解决方案
确定假设并将其分解为基本事实后，你就可以开始设计新的解决方案。以下是一个示例：
假设：我没有时间锻炼，无法实现健康目标。”
第一性原理思维：
你需要做什么来达成健康目标？也许答案是每周五小时的锻炼（每天一小时）。
能否通过减少锻炼频率实现同样的效果？
可以！每周三次，每次15分钟的高强度间歇训练就能帮助你快速高效地实现健康目标
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Maintain your belly muscles engaged throughout the movement to stop arching your again and to guard your decrease backbone.
Think About pulling your stomach button toward your backbone
whereas maintaining your torso nonetheless. When performing
the Dumbbell Chest Press, the wrist needs to stay stacked vertically above your elbow
to allow the urgent muscles to work effectively.
Like the decline bench press, only use a 30% decline and maintain the fly movement at
about sternum level. The dumbbell decline bench press targets the
decrease a part of your pec main sternocostal head. If you need to develop
a strong distinction between your chest and abs, this is a nice one.
To begin, sit on the incline bench and maintain the dumbbells at your sides close to your thighs with your palms up and elbows slightly bent.
When the dumbbells are overhead and nearly touching, squeeze your chest
and return them to the starting position by way of that very
same path of movement, then repeat. Regardless of the way
you select to execute the standing chest press, always focus on your respiratory.
Bear In Mind to inhale when you’re pushing out
and to exhale when bringing all of it back in.
Incorporate stress-reduction strategies such as meditation, deep respiration exercises, or partaking in hobbies you enjoy.
To begin, carry out three units of 10 repetitions of an acceptable weight.
Chest presses are a practical train that may allow you to perform day by day actions requiring
pushing or carrying. The exercise can help restore muscle balance for
athletes who primarily use pulling muscles, similar
to wrestlers, mountain climbing, and swimming.
As A Outcome Of you might be utilizing a separate weight for
every hand, stability is a larger issue. The end outcome might be stronger,
more resilient shoulder and scapula complexes.
If you would possibly be doing a physique part break up, you will have a
exercise that focuses on just chest.
The “Incline Dumbbell Chest Press” is beneficial for focusing on the upper fibers of your pectoralis
major. As this exercise is performed in a more upright place (45 degrees), it places a lot
more emphasis on your shoulder muscular tissues (anterior deltoids) and safer for
your rotator cuff. As all the time, take heed to your body, progress gradually, and benefit from the means of mastering this highly effective
train. Isometric holds can be a game-changer for developing chest stability and power.
Instead of performing regular repetitions, hold
the dumbbells at varied angles all through the vary of motion. For instance,
maintain on the bottom place for 10 seconds, then on the midpoint
for 10 seconds, and eventually at the prime for 10 seconds.
This technique improves mind-muscle connection and may help
overcome sticking factors in your chest press strength curve.
Start with a lighter weight that allows you to carry out the train with correct type.
Foam rolling and massage could be beneficial for reducing muscle soreness and bettering restoration. Spend a
while foam rolling your chest, shoulders, and upper back after your exercises or
on relaxation days. This might help break up adhesions within the fascia and promote higher
blood flow to the muscle tissue.
This is as a end result of your arms are free to move internally, not just up and down, and analysis exhibits that a larger
range of motion results in larger muscle development (hypertrophy)1.
The dumbbell reverse bench press is like a common bench press besides
you may be holding the dumbbells in reverse (underhand
grip) and your arm positioning is a little nearer to the physique.
The dumbbell fly is a basic accessory train for opening up the
complete chest, improving range of motion, and building solid definition of your
internal chest. The dumbbell twisted fly is the same exact concept
however it allows for even more muscle fiber activation.
Assuming you are doing just a chest exercise with dumbbells, right here
is how a great one can look. If you’ve been in the gym for some time,
you’ve in all probability seen this train being accomplished with
a weight plate. The Svend press is a standing chest exercise the place you press the burden straight ahead with your arms in a prayer-like
position. Since your elbows ought to be tucked forward
anyway, it’s going to angle again slightly.
The level is to press in a means in order that you’re producing maximum upward force
in opposition to the load and not permitting the
dumbbells to drift forward. This is something I generally see within the fitness center, and most people don’t even understand they’re doing it.
For instance, you may begin with 80-pound dumbbells for 8 reps, then quickly change to 60-pound
dumbbells for an additional 6 reps, and eventually use 45-pound dumbbells
for as many reps as possible. This technique increases time underneath
tension and might lead to vital muscle fatigue and progress stimulus.
You ought to solely try the standing press if you have a
strong basis and have perfected your form. Observe that
this train works your chest muscular tissues much less because it checks
your steadiness and stability.
References:
Signs Of Steroid Use In Females
70918248
References:
natural steroids in the body (Brittney)
Some girls choose to stack Anavar with Winstrol for
even more pronounced fats loss. Whereas this will result in impressive
results, it additionally increases the danger of unwanted effects, so warning is essential.
For advanced users, a 12-week Anavar cycle can result in significant muscle progress,
enhanced energy, and a leaner physique. This size ought to only be attempted with breaks or beneath
professional supervision. This is as a outcome of Anavar
is known to reduce water retention in the physique, which can result in a decrease in general hydration levels.
When utilizing Anavar, you will need to maintain proper hydration by
ingesting loads of water and electrolyte-rich fluids.
Failure to take action can result in various well being issues, together
with muscle cramps, fatigue, and even kidney issues.
Just Lately, using sport dietary supplements has turn into so common amongst most
athletes. These dietary supplements may include undeclared substances
which would possibly be banned by such international authorities as WHO, IOC and WADA.
Beside the well-known unwanted effects of anabolic steroids, new issues have emerged
from using sport supplements distributed i…
Analysis indicates that if an individual administers
Anavar and does not lift weights, any improvements in muscular
energy or mass could also be temporary (29).
Therefore, any increase in muscle hypertrophy diminishes following
cycle cessation. With Anavar’s quick half-life of 9.4–10.four hours, we find it
increasingly effective to separate up doses throughout the day,
sustaining excessive concentrations of oxandrolone within the body.
With Out correct PCT, you might experience unwanted side effects such as low libido, fatigue,
and muscle loss. Anavar, recognized scientifically as Oxandrolone, is amongst
the most versatile and well-liked anabolic steroids in the
marketplace. One of the first advantages of Anavar for athletes and bodybuilders is its capacity to advertise lean muscle features.
Anavar at 10mg/day for 6-8 weeks is good, and also you most likely won’t have any unwanted effects.
As for the most effective time to take Oxandrolone,
split it into two doses daily at 5mg/each (once
with breakfast and once more earlier than bedtime). You can anticipate wonderful outcomes without water retention with
this cycle. The greatest testosterone esters are Testosterone Enanthate
or Testosterone Cypionate, with once-weekly injections.
PCT could be standard Clomid for 20 days – first 10 days at 100mg every day, beginning
two weeks from the top of the cycle. 20-30mg is a secure place to begin for
first-time Anavar customers who are nervous about
unwanted facet effects.
If your physique fats is very excessive (or
you’re a higher-weight person), it’s perfect to try and lose as much weight as
possible earlier than utilizing a steroid –
remember that Anavar isn’t a weight loss miracle drug.
Ideally, you’ll want to already be round 15% physique
fat before utilizing Anavar. One of the larger dangers of oral steroids is how they will stress the liver,
potentially inflicting liver harm or poisonous hepatitis36.
Anavar has a modification to its chemical structure, often known as 17-a-alkylation modification, which allows us
to make use of this steroid orally.
One of the leading issues of Anavar for
males is the suppression of pure testosterone manufacturing.
Since Anavar is a synthetic form of testosterone, the physique could scale
back or stop its own production of the hormone. This can result in low testosterone ranges, which may cause symptoms such as fatigue, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, and decreased muscle mass.
Whereas Anavar is a light steroid, it will still suppress pure testosterone production when used over long durations of time.
Research from 1995 showed that following a 12-week cycle, where the drug was dosed at 20mg per day, take
a look at subjects skilled a drop in their testosterone manufacturing 12 weeks post-cycle.
Throughout an Anavar cycle, the body recognizes
a large inflow of testosterone and fewer luteinizing hormone
is produced. This in turn means Leydig cells in the testicles
are stimulated less, and testicular atrophy and infertility issues can occur.
It’s value noting that while on Anavar, individuals typically expertise a
rise in libido. Nonetheless, discontinuing the usage of Anavar
without correct PCT can disrupt testosterone levels, potentially
leading to erectile dysfunction. First of all, it’s essential to understand what Anavar is
and how it works. It’s an anabolic steroid that has been used in medical settings for
the therapy of assorted health circumstances corresponding to HIV/AIDS-related
losing syndrome and delay in puberty onset.
To get the most effective outcomes from this superb steroid, you should take
it on the proper time. Lastly, scientists have discovered ways to clarify how steroids have
an result on our bodies.
The use of estrogen-modulating therapies have been found to be a protective consider maintaining erectile operate after discontinuing AAS.
This is noteworthy, as T and estrogen have recently
been proven by Finkelstein and colleagues to independently exhibit physiological effects on sexual perform (12).
In their research of 400 males (aged 20–50 years),
every was administered Goserelin acetate to deplete gonadal steroids.
Next, participants have been randomly assigned to be
given placebo, varying doses of topical T alone, or topical T with anastrozole (to stop conversion of
T to estradiol). Outcomes demonstrated preservation of sexual function in men receiving
T, with greater enhancements noted amongst these not receiving
anastrozole. Findings instructed that each T and estrogen have necessary effects on sexual perform and need, which
supplies a possible mechanism for outcomes of the present examine.
Thus, taking this treatment could counteract the anabolic results of Anavar,
inflicting bodybuilders to be unsatisfied with their outcomes.
Anavar’s capability to extend strength is mainly due to
it being exogenous testosterone. Nevertheless, we find it also has a dramatic impact on adenosine triphosphate manufacturing and creatine content material contained in the muscle cell.
Higher levels of ATP are beneficial for individuals wanting
enhanced energy when bulking. It can be advantageous for users who’re chopping and susceptible
to shedding strength because of extended restriction of calories.
We have had sufferers report significant strength outcomes
on Anavar, even when consuming low calories.
This can additionally be why powerlifters usually administer Anavar prior to a
competition for max energy with out important weight gain.
It’s also value contemplating the function of relaxation and recovery
in your coaching routine. Sufficient sleep and rest days are essential for muscle growth and recovery.
Overtraining can lead to harm and hinder your progress, so it’s
important to take heed to your body and provides it the rest it wants.
Nonetheless, as a end result of Anabolic Steroids Management
Act of 1990, Anavar grew to become illegal
to purchase with no medical reason. Thus, regular prescriptions for bodybuilders
and athletes were not issued. Anavar is a DHT-derived steroid;
thus, accelerated hair loss may be skilled in genetically
susceptible individuals.
References:
Legal steroids cycles
A entire range of different steroids are commonly stacked with Anavar, together
with the powerful fats burner Winstrol, Equipoise, Proviron, Masteron, or
Primobolan. You can count on wonderful results with out water retention with this cycle.
The finest testosterone esters are Testosterone Enanthate or Testosterone Cypionate, with once-weekly injections.
PCT may be normal Clomid for 20 days – first 10 days at 100mg daily, starting two weeks
from the tip of the cycle.
The second group, which took a better dose of 40 mg,
experienced a 33% decrease in HDL while elevating LDL ranges by roughly 30%.
Men who obtained eighty mg of Anavar per day skilled a 50% decline in HDL levels.
Anavar has beforehand been labeled efficient and secure
by researchers. We know that when used in a clinical setting
with low to reasonable doses, Anavar does not
usually produce harmful side effects. Anavar is a derivative
of dihydrotestosterone; thus, there isn’t any conversion to DHT
by way of the 5-alpha reductase enzyme. Consequently, Anavar has delicate androgenic
properties and unwanted effects. Research reveals that
20 mg of oxandrolone causes 72% much less sulfobromophthalein,
a marker of liver stress, compared to an equal dose of fluoxymesterone (10).
(17) Malhotra, A., Poon, E., Tse, W. Y., Pringle, P.
J., Hindmarsh, P. C., & Brook, C. G. The results of oxandrolone on the expansion hormone and
gonadal axes in boys with constitutional
delay of progress and puberty. This is more frequent with Instagram fashions or individuals regularly appearing on journal covers.
There is high pressure on these individuals to continuously look in excellent situation, so that they utilize
Anavar as somebody would with testosterone on TRT (testosterone
substitute therapy).
You can buy high-quality Anavar for sale from the top respected website.
It Is important to listen to potential side effects, which may embody liver toxicity,
lipid profile modifications, and suppression of pure testosterone manufacturing.
Nevertheless, it’s important to weigh these benefits towards the potential risks.
Anavar can influence liver health and cholesterol
levels, and its use requires careful monitoring and adherence to recommended dosages.
Post-cycle remedy is essential to revive natural hormone ranges and maintain the positive aspects achieved in the course of the cycle.
Anavar or ‘var’, is one other unbelievable oral steroid which has been in the marketplace for the explanation that mid to late ’60s.
It has lengthy been the oral of selection for pre-competition bodybuilders and in more modern years is a favorite
summer time drug for regular gym-goers. Most cases,
nausea will go away independently after a quantity of days and even weeks.
You should discuss to your physician if you experience nausea whereas taking
Anavar. Moreover, animal studies have advised that
Anavar might assist to increase the production of red blood cells, which transport oxygen to the muscle tissue and increase stamina.
One of the best ways of taking var is as a kickstart
to an extended cycle. In the first few weeks of a cycle,
individuals are desperate to see and feel features.
Utilizing Anavar for the primary 4-6 weeks permits
for higher positive aspects from day one and most synergistic effect.
Our female patients have reported feeling depressed and have skilled low libido upon cycle cessation. Dave Crosland, the founding father of Crosland’s Hurt Discount
Providers, has additionally found testosterone and estrogen ranges to
be poor in females post-Anavar (24). If a person is stacking Anavar with harsh compounds, they could incorporate
the above protocol. Nevertheless, if a person makes use of an Anavar-only
cycle, taking one of these PCT drugs alone is more doubtless to be more than sufficient in restoring endogenous testosterone production promptly.
When Anavar was initially launched on the market, a
basic dose of 5–10 mg per day was widespread. However, athletes and bodybuilders now usually take 15–25 mg per day.
Anavar is without query an especially helpful anabolic steroid, however
so as to respect its benefits we should understand
it. Anavar can produce some gentle androgenic results in males, and hair loss can be one of these issues
for males who’ve a genetic predisposition to baldness.
Winstrol is far harsher on the liver compared to Anavar, although they’re each oral steroids.
Oxandrolone is an oral androgen derived from dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and includes a 17-alpha methyl substituent.
It was acknowledged as early because the Nineteen Forties that 17α-alkyl substitution retards the
presystemic metabolism of testosterone, extending
its half-life and making it orally lively (Minto, Steroids).
An Example of an Anavar or Oxandrolone solely cycle can be 60-80mg
every single day for 5-6 weeks in males and 10-20mg every
day for 4-5 weeks in females.
Anavar has a modification to its chemical structure,
often recognized as 17-a-alkylation modification, which allows us to use this steroid orally.
However in comparability with injectable steroids, oral steroids will take longer to clear from
the liver, and that’s where the possible threat lies for
liver stress or liver harm. Anavar, in contrast to the opposite oral steroids, actually locations greater stress on the kidneys than on the liver.
Whereas you probably can count on a rise in liver enzymes while using Anavar, for most people,
this will be quite mild and will go back to normal once you stop utilizing the
steroid. All of these stacks would require a post-cycle therapy protocol
afterward. A commonplace PCT is Clomid at 100mg daily, starting two weeks after your last dose.
An necessary thing to contemplate when planning your Anavar stack
is the numerous good factor about its lack of water
retention as a result of it doesn’t convert to estrogen.
References:
enlarged clitorious from steroids (http://www.recruit-vet.com)
70918248
References:
Winners Don’t use drugs except steroids