Python搞量化:常见的外汇交易策略
外汇交易市场因其高流动性和24小时交易特点,吸引了大量交易者。量化交易策略在外汇市场上同样非常受欢迎。以下是三个经典的外汇交易策略,这些策略可以运用在量化交易中。
1. 动量交易策略
动量交易策略基于这样的假设:市场价格在某一方向上持续移动的趋势可能会继续一段时间。动量交易者通过买入近期表现强劲的货币对并卖出表现较弱的货币对来获利。
实现步骤:
- 选择一个时间窗口(如20天、50天或200天)来计算动量。
- 计算该时间窗口内的价格变化百分比。
- 设定动量阈值,如在价格变化百分比超过一定数值时进行买入或卖出操作。
- 定期重新计算动量并调整持仓。
量化实现:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# 获取历史数据,可以从Alltick的接口处获取实时和历史价格数据
data = pd.read_csv('forex_data.csv')
# 计算动量
data['momentum'] = data['close'].pct_change(periods=20)
# 设定动量阈值
buy_threshold = 0.05
sell_threshold = -0.05
# 生成交易信号
data['signal'] = np.where(data['momentum'] > buy_threshold, 1, 0)
data['signal'] = np.where(data['momentum'] < sell_threshold, -1, data['signal'])
# 计算收益
data['return'] = data['close'].pct_change()
data['strategy_return'] = data['signal'].shift(1) * data['return']
2. 均值回归策略
均值回归策略基于金融市场价格会回归其均值的假设。当价格偏离均值一定程度时,预计价格将向均值回归,从而进行买卖操作。
实现步骤:
- 选择一个时间窗口来计算均值(如20天)。
- 计算均值和标准差。
- 当价格低于均值减去多倍标准差时买入,高于均值加上多倍标准差时卖出。
上代码:
# 计算移动均值和标准差
data['mean'] = data['close'].rolling(window=20).mean()
data['std'] = data['close'].rolling(window=20).std()
# 设定买入和卖出阈值
buy_threshold = data['mean'] - 2 * data['std']
sell_threshold = data['mean'] + 2 * data['std']
# 生成交易信号
data['signal'] = np.where(data['close'] < buy_threshold, 1, 0)
data['signal'] = np.where(data['close'] > sell_threshold, -1, data['signal'])
# 计算收益
data['strategy_return'] = data['signal'].shift(1) * data['return']
3. 趋势跟踪策略
趋势跟踪策略基于市场存在长期趋势的假设。当价格突破某一重要水平(如移动均线)时,顺势进行交易。
实现步骤:
- 选择两条不同周期的移动均线(如50天和200天)。
- 当短期均线上穿长期均线时买入,当短期均线下穿长期均线时卖出。
趋势跟踪策略的实现思路如下:
# 计算移动均线
data['short_mavg'] = data['close'].rolling(window=50).mean()
data['long_mavg'] = data['close'].rolling(window=200).mean()
# 生成交易信号
data['signal'] = np.where(data['short_mavg'] > data['long_mavg'], 1, 0)
data['signal'] = np.where(data['short_mavg'] < data['long_mavg'], -1, data['signal'])
# 计算收益
data['strategy_return'] = data['signal'].shift(1) * data['return']
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