Linux 如何配置开机自动运行脚本

适用于使用 SysV init 的系统

注:以下方法适用于使用 SysV init 系统的 Linux 发行版(如 Ubuntu 18.04 及更新版本,或 Debian)。对于使用 Systemd 的发行版(如 Ubuntu 18.04 及更新版本),请使用 systemctl 方法来管理启动服务。

假如我们需要开机自动执行的脚本是 xxx.sh。首先在 /etc/init.d 目录下创建一个用于启动的脚本,例如名为 autorun.sh

sudo nano /etc/init.d/autorun.sh

在其中添加你需要开机自动执行的脚本:

autorun.sh

#!/bin/bash
/path/to/xxx.sh  # 修改为具体路径

将 autorun.sh 脚本添加到系统的启动服务中:

sudo update-rc.d autorun.sh defaults

将 autorun.sh 脚本设置为开机启动:

sudo update-rc.d autorun.sh enable

这样,当重新启动后,autorun.sh 脚本将会自动运行。

适用于使用 Systemd 的系统

如果你的 Linux 发行版使用 Systemd 作为启动管理器(例如 Ubuntu 18.04 及更高版本),你可以使用 systemctl 命令来设置自动启动。

假如我们需要开机自动执行的脚本是 xxx.sh。首先创建一个描述你想自启动服务的 Unit 文件,比如 autorun.service

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/autorun.service

在 Unit 文件中,定义你的服务的配置。以下是一个示例:

autorun.service

[Unit]
Description=My Service
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/path/to/xxx.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

其中的参数分别为:

  • Description:描述你的服务。
  • After:指定你的服务在哪些其他服务之后启动。例如,network.target 表示在网络服务启动后才启动你的服务。
  • ExecStart:指定你要执行的脚本或命令的路径。
  • WantedBy:指定你的服务应该被启动的目标(target)。default.target 表示在默认目标启动时启动你的服务。

保存并关闭文件,运行以下命令以重新加载 systemd 配置:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

使用以下命令使能你的服务:

sudo systemctl enable autorun.service

最后,使用以下命令启动:

sudo systemctl start autorun.service

现在,你的服务已经设置为在系统启动时自动运行。你可以重新启动系统来验证服务是否正常启动。

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